水面油膜及漂浮物回收分离装置的研制

针对水面油膜及漂浮物扩散面积大、浮层薄的特点,利用油及漂浮物与水的密度不同这一物理特性,设计一套具有良好水动力性能的水面油膜及漂浮物回收分离装置。载体平台在水面上能够抵御一定的风浪影响,快速、高效地吸收水面表层油膜及漂浮物。完成载体平台、控制系统、油膜及漂浮物回收分离系统的设计及建造,开展系统集成、调试、样机试验等工作,并验证了装置的性能。研究成果可为水面油膜及漂浮物的回收分离设备的研制和应用提供借鉴。     

城市发展与轨道交通建设

轨道交通建设发展是破解交通拥堵、交通污染、绿色出行环境差和停车难等城市病的有效途径。在轨道交通大发展机遇期,有必要探讨如何科学规划城市轨道交通系统,促进城市集约发展和改善城市交通状况。研究总结城市交通的内涵,即城市形成和发展中的内在要素,提出城市交通应服务于人的需求、组织城市高效可持续运行。从车辆技术成熟度与国产化水平、轨道交通制式多样化、轨道交通规划建设规模与城市形态和发展阶段的适配性、认证和标准体系、交通功能与城市功能融合的一体化土地开发、多模式公共交通衔接换乘等角度出发,梳理发展现况并归纳问题及症结。重点针对结合市情的轨道交通基础性问题,就科学规划城市和都市圈的轨道交通系统提出指导思想和具体建议。     

可持续交通——各方观点和长期挑战

从交通研究者和实践者的角度出发,以可持续交通这一概念为中心展开讨论。可持续交通宽泛地反映了可持续发展在交通领域的原则。随着可持续性这一概念的外延逐渐扩大,在它的定义、应用和价值取向上出现了不同观点。着重讨论可持续交通,以及如何理解和运用可持续交通,包括:1)将可持续性或者可持续发展作为一个整体的概念,包括关于可持续性的不同方法和定义之间的冲突;2)对可持续交通以及交通领域对其理解的探索;3)使用指标来实现可持续性的应用。然后识别了通往可持续交通之路的若干挑战,包括缺乏清晰定义、可持续性的固有冲突、可持续发展的跨领域本质、各种工作框架和指标体系、可持续发展的政治因素和交通领域实践中的不同观点。基于在该课题上的研究积累,总结解决这些问题的工作框架,提出因地制宜、注重结果、整体的方法来解决可持续交通中的挑战。     

车路协同下考虑绿波协调的公交优先控制

在绿波协调控制交叉口群中,为分析公交优先控制对后续交叉口群的扰动,基于车流运行时间偏移分布,以概率期望描述了交叉口各相位绿时左端和右端时长变化引起的后续交叉口群在绿波带内、绿波带间的延误变化;采用组合优化的方法,以交叉口群在车速引导下的公交通行效益优化为上层模型,以交叉口群在公交优先控制下的延误优化为下层模型,对公交引导车速和信号控制参数进行协同优化.通过算例分析表明,公交优先控制模型有效提升了交叉口整体通行效益,最大化减小了对周边交叉口群的不利影响.     

交通大数据视角看广佛同城

广佛同城发展由来已久,是中国城市群中同城化程度最高的区域。简要分析广佛同城的交通基础设施发展演变历程,并基于模糊大数据(手机信令数据)和准确大数据(运行监测数据)对广佛通勤交通特征进行分析。结合手机信令数据对广州南站的客流组成及空间分布进行研究,对广州南站选址偏远问题进行解析。结果表明:广佛同城具有双向对等性的联系;地铁在同城化推进过程中起到重要的促进作用,拓展同城化活动范围;广州市机动车交通需求管理政策不够系统,非广佛车牌在通勤小汽车中比例超过40%,需要引起足够的关注;广州南站服务的客流中广州客流与佛山客流比为7:3,与对应的常住人口规模比例相当,初步实现了交通战略规划提出的共享理念。     

基于CATIA二次开发的水下平台静水力计算

水下平台静力计算包含初稳性计算、潜浮稳性计算、大倾角稳性计算、重量重心统计等，传统潜艇、潜器等水下平台的静力计算具有计算过程繁琐、耗时长、效率低、数据不易更新等问题，导致设计人员大量重复性劳动。本文通过对CATIA软件进行二次开发，在水下平台三维建模基础上，编制静水力和重量重心计算程序，可直接计算、获取静水力要素并实现重量重心的自动统计，达到计算的自动化、程序化和数据的及时更新，提升设计手段，对潜艇、潜器等水下平台设计中控制浮态、稳态具有重要作用，工程应用价值较高。     

Integrated Transport System of the South-Moravian Region and its impact on rural development

It is generally presupposed that the infrastructure and availability of services of general interest (like schools, medical care, social services and also public transport) impact on present demographic development in rural areas, namely depopulation and aging. Such services affect the quality of life of local people and sometimes they perform a vital necessity. It is possible to say that the absence of the mentioned services should be compensated by an effective system of public transport. In other case, especially those people who are not able to use individual cars due to the age, health, legal conditions or financial situation are bequeathed on an assistance of the family or neighbors or they stay cut off and excluded. This paper is aimed at the verification of the presupposition in the case of the South-Moravian Region – NUTS 3 region occupying the south-eastern part of the Czech Republic, bordering with Austria and Slovakia. The research method lies in analysis of the frequency, travel time and fare of public transport system and its comparison with demographic development in rural areas, especially in the peripheral ones. The results are discussed in view of the system of central places in the region and present urbanization processes like suburbanization, counterurbanization and reurbanization.     

Highway voting system: Embracing a possible paradigm shift in traffic data acquisition

The integration of internet and mobile phones has opened the door to a new wave of utilizing private vehicles as probes not only for performance evaluation but for traffic control as well, gradually replacing the role of traffic surveillance systems as the dominant source of traffic data. To prepare for such a paradigm shift, one needs to overcome some key institutional barriers, in particular, the privacy issue. A Highway Voting System (HVS) is proposed to address this issue in which drivers provide link- and/or path-based vehicle data to the traffic management system in the form of “votes” in order to receive favorable service from traffic control. The proposed HVS offers a platform that links data from individual vehicles directly with traffic control. In the system, traffic control responds to voting vehicles in a way similar to the current system responding to prioritized vehicles and providing the requested services accordingly. We show in the paper that the proposed “voting” system can effectively resolve the privacy issue which often hampers traffic engineers from getting detailed data from drivers. Strategies to entice drivers into “voting” so as to increase the market penetration level under all traffic conditions are discussed. Though the focus of the paper is on addressing the institutional issues associated with data acquisition from individual vehicles, other research topics associated with the proposed system are identified. Two examples are given to demonstrate the impact of the proposed system on algorithm development and traffic control.     

荷兰海军APAR多功能雷达系统及其开发经验

为充分发挥多功能优势,APAR雷达采用了高效控制手段,对雷达信号收/发时间和能量进行综合管理,综合平衡二者系统资源开支。APAR雷达波形设计还综合考虑了包括作战需求、接收信号特征、技术特征和参数等在内的各种因素。APAR雷达在系统设计、系统工程、详细设计与评估测试等方面均进行了总体规划,并很好地吸收了已有的技术积累,保证了系统最终成功。     

智能船舶发展现状及我国发展策略研究

近年来,智能船舶的发展呈加速趋势,智能船舶已成为未来船舶发展的主要方向.本文对当前国内外智能船舶发展现状进行系统梳理与比较分析,为我国智能船舶的发展提出若干建议.